How can I write an effective letter of recommendation or reference letter

While the terms recommendation letter and letter of reference are often used interchangeably, and most likely requested for graduate school, scholarships, or research opportunities. Here are some content guidelines:

What to include:

• Your relationship with the student, students’ accomplishments, skills, and/or character, and contact information for follow-up.
• Specific examples of a student’s performance (a standout paper, unique research insights).
• Comparisons of their performance if relevant (top 5% of students).
• How the opportunity will support the students’ professional or academic future goals.

What not to include:

• Descriptors that are too broad and general.
• Examples that focus on basic expectations like punctuality. 
• Reference to the students’ race, age, religion, disability, citizenship status, national origin, etc.